Window Sash Repairs
Window sashes need to be regularly checked for mold, mildew and other damage. You can avoid the cost of repairs in the future by catching problems early before they get out of hand.
The sash is the internal framing that can be moved vertically either up or down in windows that are open. This article will demonstrate how to perform several simple sash repair.
Weather Stripping
Wooden window sashes can add a classic look to your home. They are also sturdy and last for a long time if they are properly maintained. However, they can become damaged or degraded with time due to exposure or normal wear and tear. Sash repair specialists can restore windows to their original state and keep them looking great much longer than replacement windows.
The first step to repair sash window damage is to fix weather stripping, which is found on both the sash and frame. It can cause drafts if damaged or is loose. Start by identifying the window's brand and the manufacturer's date (etched on the corner of the glass or the aluminum spacers between panes). Take the sash off and mark its size and width so that you can get new weather stripping that is compatible with the original.
Then, remove the sash from its holder, and place it on a flat surface to allow you to see all four sides. If your sash is double-hung, you'll have to remove the weights and the ropes that go with them which should have slipped into the intended pocket in the jamb liner. Once you've taken the sash off, use a utility knife to cut off the old weather stripping at the corners. Then, remove it by hand or using a putty knife.
Once the sash has been cleaned, you can replace parting stops. These are long pieces that split the sashes. Pam likes to replace these with standard 1/2-inch-by 3/4-inch window trim from the lumberyard. However, you could also use scrap wood.
After removing the stopper and cutting it to length and then apply a thin layer of glazing compound on the bottom of the sash. Smooth the compound with your putty knife and let it dry for at least a few days. Once it's fully cured then apply a top coat of acrylic latex paint. This will protect the putty, and give your sash an updated look.
Sash Hardware
The hardware that supports window sashes prone to wearing out from the wear and tear of use and the result could be a window or door that can't be opened or closed easily. The good thing is that fixing and replacing this hardware is generally relatively easy and affordable. If you're having difficulty opening the sash, spray some oil into the jamb channel. Then, you can slide the sash up and open to see if that fixes the problem. If the problem persists it's likely the sash balance. You will need remove the window sash in order to reach this hardware.
Ideally, window sashes must swing open and closed without effort, however, this can be a difficult task if the weights become worn or if the sash that joins rail isn't properly glazed. This problem can be caused by a number of things, such as lack of maintenance or by a mismatched weight rating for the particular sash.
If the hinge arms of a window begin to sag, this can cause the sash to drag and eventually land on the frame in the corner that's in the opposite direction of the hinge arm (Photo 1). To fix the problem ensure that the sash is aligned in the frame opening and then take it off. If the sash is screwed to the hinge arm, you'll need to loosen the hinge arm and replace it (Photo 2). Install the new sash (Photo 3).
Because of sagging hinges and a general lack in energy efficiency, old windows especially in older houses, could be difficult to open or close. Many times just a few easy fixes can help these windows function smoothly and help homeowners save money on their energy bills.
It is important to have the tools you need before you begin. Mark the hinge channel location on the frame (Photo 1) using a pencil. This will allow you to get the channel back on place correctly when you're finished. Remove the sash and take out all the hardware, including the beads for parting, cords, and chains that hold the sash in place. Heat gun with nozzle shield and a medium setting will soften any hardened glue. Remove the old sash and put it in a labelled bag.
Sash Weights
Whether your window sash repairs are to replace a broken cord or simply to keep your windows functioning, replacing worn out weights for sash will improve its operation and cut down on energy costs. Sash weights are heavy, lead or iron cylinders enclosed in a hidden cavity and linked to the moveable the sash with a rope. They function as counterbalances, which allows you to open and close the window without the need for mechanical or electrical devices. If they fail, sashweights are often neglected or not used by homeowners.
It's not easy to retrieve a sash-weight that has fallen from the cavity, so you'll need to find one that fits correctly. You will also require a fresh piece of string, a length of sashcord and a few sashpulleys to secure the new weights to the cord.
Mortise and Tenon joints can be used to join old wood windows. Hammers and pins can be used to take out the wood pegs that hold the parts together. The majority of these pegs are large on one side, and smaller on the other. It is important to remove first the smaller diameter sides. Sashes made later in the century made use of glue instead of pegs and can be separated by cutting the glue line with an instrument, and then tapping the mortised section loose with mallets.
Once the sash is freed and removed, you can take off the sash stop and gain access to the weight pocket. Usually this is accomplished by drilling an opening at the bottom of each jamb. The hole is then covered with the wooden panel which can be removed to reveal the inside workings.
After the sash has been stopped and the access panel removed, you will be able to remove the old sash weight and replace it with new. Be sure to weigh the sash before you do this, as the old weights could be different sizes than the one you need. After the new weight is in place you can tie a string around it and then thread it through the sash pulley. Then attach the string to the boxed frame, leaving a few inches of string sticking out from the head for future adjustment.
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In the majority of old double-hung windows, a cord or chain is attached to the weights. This helps keep the sashes within the jamb in a balanced manner. Over time, these chains can become damaged and make it difficult to raise the windows. A new sash cord will give you the ability to move the sash upwards and downwards and will keep it in its position when it is opened.
The first step in replacing sash cords is to locate and take out the access panels located in the jambs. They are typically screwed or nailed into and need to be removed. It is possible to remove them using an axe or hammer, but it is always best to lay out dust sheets before beginning any work.
After removing the access panel, you are able to begin working on the sash. Prise the narrow parting beads (also called "tie rails") out of their grooves with the chisel or flat bar. It is essential to take your time, as these are often stuck or nailed to the floor. If the sash is still in place, pry the mortise and tenon joints free with a screwdriver or hammer, then remove each wood peg. You should now be able to move the sash back and forth freely, although it may require oil if it feels stiff.
With the sash open With the sash in an open position, measure the sash chain or cord to extend from the pulley in the top of the jamb to the sash slot in the bottom. Cut the cord or chain and secure it as in Step 6 above. You can use either a hammer, nails, or screws. However nails are less likely than screws to cause damage.
If you don't have a kit that replaces the old counterbalance system, it's best to keep the original balancing weights in place. They're not costly and are easy to install if you buy them at architectural salvage stores. Based on the dimensions and shape of your window, you might need to install one or two sashweights to keep it open.